Rp004 relative clauses with who, which and where elementary. A what clause is a type of noun clause or a free relative clause that begins with the word what. Without the defining relative clause we do not know which film. That relative pronoun cannot be preceded by a preposition or a comma. Learn english with our free online grammar exercises, reference. Relative clauses are another very common way of supplying more specific information about a noun referring to a person, thing or group, e.
Choose the correct relative pronoun who, whose, that, which, why, when or where. Restrictive relative clauses are also called defining relative clauses. Participle constructions instead of relative clauses herr. Nondefining relative clauses give us extra information about someone or something. I caught a ride with tony, whose car barely made it up the hill. Personal pronouns, possessives, relative pronouns, reflexive pronouns. We dont need a relative pronoun, because the first word in the relative clause is not a verb. Active the boy who was waiting in the hall expected a phone call. In a declarative sentenceone of the most common applications for these clausesa what clause, which functions as a noun, may serve as the subject usually followed by a form of the verb be, subject complement, or object of a sentence. Intermediate english grammar course relative clauses. However, sometimes a relative clause is so important that the main sentence will be difficult to understand or have no meaning without it. Nonrestrictive relative clauses are also called nondefining relative clauses in both restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses, the relative pronoun can act as the subject or object. Relative clauses and contact clauses englischtipps.
Relative clauses in english article onestopenglish. Use the hint button to get a free letter if an answer is giving you trouble. Object pronouns can be dropped in defining relative clauses, which are then called contact clauses. We use where, whose and whom as relative pronouns to. Defining relative clauses who, which, that, where test. In informal style it always comes later in the relative clause. In everyday speech, that is often used instead of who or whom. Nondefining relative clauses defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. Relative pronouns, relative clauses, who, which, whose exercise learning english. Whowhosewhomwhichof which relative pronoun relative pronoun that what, which and all that. Here you will find many relative clauses english grammar exercises at all levels so you can practice and improve your knowledge of relative clauses. Relative clauses, defining and nondefining our students can practise relative clauses defining and nondefining with this exercise.
Rp002 relative clauses who, which, where elementary. Relative clauses 1 adv failed to load the quiz data. Rp001 relative pronouns whose, who, why, where, which or whom elementary. Relativsatz durch partizipialkonstruktion ersetzen. Defining relative clauses 1 in pdf here defining relative clauses 2 in pdf here defining relative clauses 3 in pdf here defining relative clauses 4 in pdf here go to the main relative clauses explanation page here. A restrictive clause or phrase is essential to the meaning of the sentence. Exercise on relative clauses default english grammar. Relative clauses nondefining relative clauses grammar. It is not essential information to understand the sentence. Adjective relative clause practice this is a quick self study of basic relative pronoun usage. Relative clauses in english exercises advanced level esl. Note that that can be used in informal english instead of whowhomwhich but it is never used after commas, i. When do we use the relative pronouns who, which, whose and that.
Relative pronouns exercises relative clauses agendaweb. A defining relative clause usually comes immediately after the noun it describes. Defining and nondefining relative clauses intermediate. There are various ways of supplying more information about a noun in english.
Understanding relative clauses a relative or adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun and is introduced by a relative pronoun who, whom, whose, which, or that or occasionally a relative adverb usually when, where, or why. We use relative clauses to to join two sentences or to add information to a sentence. Note that some of them also function as interrogative pronouns. It isnt essential for understanding who or what we are. If there is a verb after the relative pronoun whowhichthat, do not leave out the relative pronoun examples with the relative pronoun who. Relative pronouns are the words that introduce relative clauses.
Relative clauses defining and nondefining test english. Relative pronouns online exercises english grammar. A relative clause is a phrase that adds information to a sentence. Heres a list of all the relative clause exercises on the site. The robber stole the car the lady parked in front of the supermarket. We dont need a relative pronoun, because the first word in the relative clause. Johnson, who got the highest grade on the test, is happy. A relative clause is an added part in a sentence that is used in relation to the main sentence. Relative clauses can help you express yourself more accurately, which is really important for personal and career advancement. Relative clauses defining and nondefining that, which. Here we need the relative pronoun which, because it is a nondefining relative clause and the first word after the pronoun is a verb. Join the following sentences by using a relative pronoun.
There are two broad types of relative clauses in english. Relative clauses might not sound too exciting, but these simple words can help you sound a lot more fluent. Relative pronouns part 2 see beginner worksheet for an introduction where, whose, whom relative clauses tell us what person or thing someone is talking about, or give us more information about that person or thing. Relative clauses give us information about the person or thing mentioned. Nonrestrictive relative clauses are also called nondefining relative clauses. Reduced relative clauses replace the relative clause by a participle construction ing for active and ed for passive while keeping the rest of the sentence unchanged. Relative clause exercise 1 2 advanced relative clause exercise 3 4 intermediate pdf exercises. A clause of this kind is essential to the clear understanding of the noun. Relative pronouns exercise english practice learn and. Also, when it comes to whowhom, while it is important to know when to use each one, most people will only use who in everyday conversation. Types of relative clauses to understand the distinctions between that and which it is necessary to understand defining restrictive and nondefining nonrestrictive clauses. I havent seen frank, brother is five, for a long time now.
Learning these distinctions is one technical aspect of grammar that every user of english should understand, because it is at the root of an assortment of grammatical. Defining relative clauses we use defining relative clauses to specify which person, thing or place we are talking about. Nondefining relative clauses are not used in spoken english. Nondefining clauses nonrestrictive clauses we use nondefining relative clauses to give extra information about the person or thing. Relative clauses 1 advanced advanced grammar exercises. Complete the exercise with who, whom, whose or where.
Relative clauses allow us to get more information into a sentence without needing to start a new one. We leave out the relative pronoun whowhichthat if it is not the subject in the sentence. In both restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses, the relative pronoun can act as the subject or object. They are introduced by a relative pronoun which can be replaced by that or even omitted except when the relative pronoun is subject of the clause or is in the possessive case.
We leave out the relative pronoun who whichthat if it is not the subject in the sentence. They can act as the subject or the object of the relative clause. A clause of this kind is essential to clear understanding of the noun. Defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way as to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. Relative pronouns adjectiverelative clause examples. We know you and your students will love this resource. English grammar relative clauses relative clauses introduction there are two types of relative clauses. Generally, there are two types of relative clauses. In german, you usually translate a participle construction with a relative clause because the german language doesnt have such a construction. Relative clauses normally begin with who, whom, whose, or that. So it acts as a conjunction and a pronoun at the same time. The apple which george lay on the table was put back into the basket. Sep 29, 2012 a relative pronoun is used to repeat the meaning of a previous noun. It is important to distinguish between them because it affects the choice of pronoun used to introduce the clause.
Relative pronouns and clauses in english grammar exercises. Contact clauses no relative pronouns englischhilfen. Pronouns grammar exercises learning english englischhilfen. To understand the distinctions between that and which it is necessary to understand defining restrictive and nondefining nonrestrictive clauses learning these distinctions is one technical aspect of grammar that every user of english should understand, because it is at the root of an assortment of grammatical errors.
Relative clauses function as subordinate or dependent clauses and therefore cannot stand alone as complete sentences. They describe the preceding noun and give essential information about the noun. Choose the correct and most naturalsounding response to. Nondefining relative clauses provide nonessential or extra information about the noun unlike defining relative clauses, nondefining relative clauses are separated from the noun by commas. They function rather like adjectives, and are found as postmodifiers in a noun phrase. Rp003 relative clauses match the sentence parts elementary. The relative clause is closed off by commas and is quite similar to information in brackets. Relative clauses usually start with who, which, that or whose and add information to a noun or fact.
Relative pronouns english online exercise english4u. Relative clauses exercise 1 perfect english grammar. The noun that is modified is called the antecedent. They may add meaning, but if they are removed, the sentence will still function grammatically. Relative clauses should be used after the noun they define. Write relative clauses without using the relative pronoun. Relative pronouns, relative sentences, who, which, whose english grammar exercise. Relative pronouns who, which, whose or no pronouns.
Nondefining relative pronouns exercise three things about nondefining relative clauses. If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb but by a noun or pronoun, the relative pronoun is an object pronoun. Relative clauses practice relative pronouns exercise 1 2 3 who vs which exercise 1 2 3 which or where exercise drag and drop exercises. Contact clauses no relative pronouns relative clauses defining and non defining that, which expressions of place and time in sentences word order. Relative pronouns are mostly used when combining sentences in which a word or phrase is repeated. Relative clauses quizzes 1 like any pronoun, relative pronouns are substituted for nouns and other pronouns that functions as subjects or objects in a sentence. Test your knowledge of relative pronouns with this grammar test. Relative pronouns english grammar today cambridge dictionary.
Defining relative pronouns exercise people that who whom owners whose things that which places where when the relative pronoun is an object, it can be omitted except with whose and where. The pronoun cannot be omitted in a nondefining relative clause when the noun modified is a person and a subject of the clause, only the relative pronoun who can be used. Grammatik relative clauses and contact clauses 4 losungen exercise 1 a nick is a boy who is in my class. Relative clauses niu effective writing practices tutorial. The first sentence works fine even without the relative pronoun. Relative clauses other english exercises on the same topic. Turn the underlined sentence into a relative clause. Answer key 1 fill in the gaps with a suitable relative pronoun. Relative pronouns who, which, whose exercise englischhilfen. Defining clauses or phrases are not separated off with commas. Practice on the defining and nondefining relative clauses.
Fill in all the gaps, then press check to check your answers. If you can express exactly what you want to say, you can avoid confusion, make your conversations easier, and sound a lot more like a native english speaker. This is because in the first sentence, the relative pronoun is the object of the relative clause, while the relative pronoun is the subject in the second one. All relative clauses describe a noun, and they begin with one of these relative pronouns or relative adverbs. May 02, 20 restrictive relative clauses are also called defining relative clauses. Relative clauses are nonessential parts of a sentence.